Tribes of Jharkhand


  • Jharkhand holds 6 ranks in term of schedule tribe population. 
  • Tribes of Jharkhand is categorised into two parts 1st main tribes and 2nd aboriginal tribes. 
  • 8 Tribes of Jharkhand comes under the category of aboriginal tribes. 
Santhal tribe. 

  • Santhal tribe is largest in Jharkhand. 
  • Santhal tribe is 3rd tribal community in India. 
  • Santhal tribes belong to proto austraoloid group. 
  • Santhal tribe is divided into 12 clans. 
  • 8 type of marriages are in use in Santhal tribes. 
  • Spritual head of village is Nayake. 
  • Jog manjhi imparts moral lessons  to youths of Santhal tribes. 
  • Santhal tribes use Santali language which  belongs to Austo-Asiatic family. 
  • Ol Chiki script is used by Santhal tribes. 
  • The headman of Santhal tribe village is Manjhi. 
  • They are agriculturalist. 
  • Rice is the staple food crop of Santhal people. 
  • Santhal people are mainly Hindu. 
  • They called their god as Singhbonga or Thakur. 
  • They worship mountain god called Marang Bura. 
  • Their chief festival is Sohrai. 
  • Monogamy is a social rule but polygamy is also permissible. 
  • Widow remarriage and divorce is also permissible. 
  • The form of marriage is called Bapla. 
  • Bridegroom leaves with the bride for 5 years and it is called Ghar - Jawai. 
  • People having illicit relationship get a strict punishment known as Bitlaha. 
  • Women at the age 18 gets tattoos on their body. 
  • Miring Bapla is a type of marriage popular in Santhal tribe. 
Oraon/Oraon Tribes. 
  • Oraon tribe is 2nd major tribe of Jharkhand. 
  • Oraon tribe is 4th largest in India and most developed. 
  • This tribe is mainly found around the region of Chhotanagpur Plateau. 
  • They speak kurrokh or kurukh belongs to Dravidian language. 
  • Their society is divided into 14 division. 
  • Marriage in same caste is prohibited. 
  • Grooms have to pay the bride price. 
  • Making tatoos among women are popular. 
  • 60% of Oraon are Hindu followed by Christian 21%. 
  • Main deity Dharmesh or the Sun God. 
  • They worship village God Thakur Dev. 
  • They are agriculturalist and rice as staple food. 
  • Men wear special dress known as Kerya and women wear khanriya. 
  • They drink special beverage during festival called Hariya. 
  • Dhumkudia of boy's is known as  jokh Airpa. 
  • Sutna Ghar of girl is known as Pel Airpa. 
  • After 3 years entry made once to Dhumkudia. 
  • Field for dance is known as Akhada. 
  • Pahan and Mahto are the important people. 
  • Hadbosa Samskara is held once in year. 
  • Religious head is Pahan. 
  • Worship place is called Sarna. 
Munda Tribes. 
  • This tribe is the 3rd largest tribal group in Jharkhand. 
  • The word Munda means special person. 
  • This group is concentrated in Ranchi. 
  • This group belongs to large proto australoid tribe. 
  • These people speak the Mundari dialect part of Astro Asiatic language. 
  • Munda Society is divided into 5 parts. 
  • Marriage in same caste is prohibited, and custom is known as Arandi.
  • Munda are agriculturalist and rear animals. 
  • They believed in singbanga ( Sun God). 
  • They worship village diety called Hatu Bonga. 
  • They also worship goddess of the village called Deshawali. 
  • They called their mountain God as Buru Bonga. 
  • 45% people of this tribe are Hindu and 27% Christians. 
  • Main festival is Sohrai worship of animals. 
  • These people have also elaborated death ritual. 
  • Soso Bonga famous folk tale of Munda. 
  • Place where the dead body is buried is called Sasan. 
  • At Sasan they place or put a big and large stone for remembrance is known as Sasan Dirt or Hargari. 

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