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Tribes of Jharkhand

Jharkhand holds 6 ranks in term of schedule tribe population.  Tribes of Jharkhand is categorised into two parts 1st main tribes and 2nd aboriginal tribes.  8 Tribes of Jharkhand comes under the category of aboriginal tribes.  Santhal tribe.  Santhal tribe is largest in Jharkhand.  Santhal tribe is 3rd tribal community in India.  Santhal tribes belong to proto austraoloid group.  Santhal tribe is divided into 12 clans.  8 type of marriages are in use in Santhal tribes.  Spritual head of village is Nayake.  Jog manjhi imparts moral lessons  to youths of Santhal tribes.  Santhal tribes use Santali language which  belongs to Austo-Asiatic family.  Ol Chiki script is used by Santhal tribes.  The headman of Santhal tribe village is Manjhi.  They are agriculturalist.  Rice is the staple food crop of Santhal people.  Santhal people are mainly Hindu.  They called their god as Singhbonga or Thakur.  They worship mountain god called Marang Bura.  Their chief festival is
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Irrigation in Jharkhand

There are 16 river basin in the Jharkhand.  There are 208 ground water blocks that are under exploited.  Nearly 10% of agricultural land in Jharkhand is put under irrigation.  There are four sources of irrigation in the state are well,  tanks, canals and tube wells.  Well irrigates around 29.38% of the total area of Jharkhand.  Highest percentage of well irrigation has been recorded in Dumka and Jamtara.  Government scheme like 'Jal dhara' is initiated to increase the number of Wells in the state.  Tank irrigate 19.07% of the total area of Jharkhand.  The highest percentage of tank irrigation is in Pakur.  There are 3 types of canals -perennial Canal, Rain Fed Canal, and Multi purpose Canals.  Perennial Canal with water throughout the year.  Rainfed canal have water during rainy season.  Multi purpose Canals used for irrigation and power generation.  Highest Canal irrigation is in West Singhbhum and Saraikela.  Tube well irrigation is only 8.25% of total area. 
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Agriculture of Jharkhand

59% of the workforce in Jharkhand is dependent on agriculture.  Agricultural sector in Jharkhand contributes about 21% to GDP of state.  Jharkhand is primarily an agricultural state.  The average rainfall of the state is 1300 to 1400 mm.  The current production of Jharkhand satisfy only 50% of its population demand.  19 lakh hectare of land suffers from soil erosion.  Jharkhand has three main crop season namely of Kharif, Rabi and Garma.  The state has an area of 79714 square km of which 18423 square kilometre is forest land.  Total cultivable land is 38 lakh hectares.  The highest production of paddy is recorded in the district of Ranchi.  Sugarcane production in Jharkhand is 79000 metric tons.  Sugarcane occupies the 3rd position in production of crops in Jharkhand.  The major oilseed crop grown in Jharkhand is mustard.  Most of the oil seeds or highest production of oil seeds are recorded in Palamu.   Spices produced in the state are ginger, garlic and coriander. 
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Transport system of Jharkhand

The percentage density of roads in the state is 86.26 km, which is 50% of national density of 182.4 km.  Jharkhand rank 3rd lowest only better than Bihar and Andhra Pradesh.  National Highway of India carry about 45% of the road traffic.  The length of national highway in the state is around 1800 km.  Most of the state highways is maintained by PWD Road.  The total length of state highways in Jharkhand is around 1886 km.  Districts roads accounts  for 14% of the total road length in India.  At present about 50% of the road in the villages of Jharkhand have access to all Metal roads,this is higher than the average percentage of all Metal roads available in India which is 15%.  Access to all weather roads in Jharkhand is 51%.  Longest national highway in Jharkhand is NH 33. The rail line in Jharkhand was laid down in second half of 19th century.  The first railway line was constructed in around coal mines of Dhanbad district.  Jharkhand has a total Railway length of 2040 k
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Self government or Panchayati Raj of Jharkhand

Jharkhand has 40 urban local bodies.  4 municipal corporation.  15 Municipal councils.  19 Nagar Panchayat.  2 notified area committee.  1 municipality.  The municipality of Jharkhand is Juggsalai municipality Jamshedpur.  Jharkhand Municipal Corporation Act 2001 has been enacted to replace the Patna municipal Act 1951. Discretionary function of urban local bodies running in Jharkhand is to see maintenance of park and libraries.  Giridih district of Jharkhand has the largest number of village. panchayat.  Every Gram Panchayat unless dissolved earlier shall continue for 2 years.  Currently the Panchayati Raj system is not present in Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram. 
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Excutive of Jharkhand

Palamu is a parliamentary constituency reserved for scheduled caste candidates of Jharkhand.  The speaker and deputy speaker is chosen by the member of the Legislative Assembly.  Raj Mahal is a parliamentary constituency reserved for Scheduled tribe of Jharkhand.  Giridih and Lohardaga are the Reserve parliamentary constituency or Lok Sabha seat in state.  Dumka is located in Santhal Pargana division.   High Court is the highest court of justice in the state.  High Court consists of chief justice and few other judges.  Jharkhand High Court is 21st court in country.  Jharkhand High Court is in Ranchi. Present strength of judges in High Court is 14 including chief justice.  Virendra Singh is the present Chief Justice of Jharkhand.  JPSC was constituted in 2001. Jharkhand Secretariat have 31 department.  The seat of high court at Ranchi was earlier the high court of Bihar State.  Anchal Adhikari is part of Revenue Court.  Babulal marandi first CM of Jharkhand.  Raghubar
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Jharkhand Tourism

Jharkhand ranks 12th in terms of domestic tourists visits.  12 tourists complexes are present in Jharkhand.  'Aram' is paying guest facility provided by the state government.  There are different places with full of natural beauty with historical, religious and cultural importance which makes Jharkhand important place for tourism.  Canary hill is in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand .  Parasnath and Khandoli hills are located in Giridih district of Jharkhand.  Parasnath hill is considered as hill deity (Marang Buru) of Santhal tribe.  Parasnath hill is famous for its forest cover.  Tatalpani the hot spring in Palamu district.  Surajkund hot spring in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand with a temperature of 88 degree Celsius.  Jubilee lake is also called as Jayanti Sarovar.  12 Jyotirling is situated in Jagannath Dhaam.  Isko village in Jharkhand has ancient rich painting that are around 10000 year old.  Tribal museum of Ranchi has the Statue of martyred  Birsa Mund
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