Flora and Fauna of Jharkhand


  • Jharkhand is one of the youngest state of india. 
  • Jharkhand has 2 main forest type group are Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest and Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest. 
  • Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest constitute the major forest of Jharkhand covering 93.25% of forest area. 
  • Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest is found in Palamu, Giridih, Singhbhum , Hazaribagh, Dhanbad and Santhal Pargana. 
  • Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest are characterised by tall, straight evergreen trees. 
  • Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest constitute 2.66% of forest area and 4.09% are tree outside the forest (TOF) and plantation. 
  • Major trees found in the State are Bamboo, Sal, Shisham, Teak, Semal, Tendu, Shellac, Butea Frondosa, Mahua, Sissoo, Jamun, Betal nut, Palm, Mango, etc. 
  • Tendu is one of the main source of revenue of Jharkhand. 
  • Tendu leaves are used for bidi - making. 
  • Shellac is secreted by an insect called Kerria Lacca. 
  • Jharkhand producess more than half of Shellac production of the country. 
  • 29.45% of Jharkhand total landmass is under forest cover. 
  • Jharkhand rank 10th among area under forest cover. 
  • Jharkhand 2588 km sq area is under very dense forest. 
  • Jharkhand 9663 km sq area is under moderately dense forest. 
  • Jharkhand 11227 km sq area is under open forest. 
  • Tree cover 3.49% of Jharkhand total geographical area. 
  • Total forest and tree cover put together constitute 32.48% of the geographical area of the state against national average of 23.81%. 
  • Chatra district covers about 47.72% of its area under forest cover. Largest among all districts. 
  • Dhanbad records 6.74% of its area under forest cover. Lowest among all districts. 
  • Protected forest area of the state is 4387 sq km. 81.3% of its geographical area. 
  • Unclassified forest area of the state is 33 sq km about 0.14% of total forestation. 
  • 1st elephant reserve of India established in Singhbhum region. 
  • Chatra district of Jharkhand has most dense vegetation. 
  • Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand has most natural vegetation. 
  • Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Koderma. 
  • Udhwa Lake Birds Sanctuary is situated in Shabganj on bank of Ganga. 
  • The seed of Sal are important for edible oil and medicinal oil. 
  • Shisham Tree is considered as the most popular tree of the monsoon season. 
  • Jamun has the medicinal value to control diabetes and high blood pressure. 
  •  Semul tree fruit is used for making pillows and blanket covers to its soft fiber. 
  • Bamboo and Sal tree species are chief tree of  Betla National Park. 
  • Betla National Park has been included in the Palamu Tiger Reserve under Project Tiger. 
  • North Koel and Burha river drains the Palamu Tiger Reserve. 
  • Mahuadanar Sanctuary is prominent for its plantiful wolf species. 
  • Topchanchi wildlife sanctuary has got special significance due to its Northeast most boundary. 
  • A breeding center near Ranchi was commissioned under IUCN programme of conservation of species to enhance the number of Marsh Crocodiles species in Jharkhand. 
  • Tenancy Act has provisions for the protection of trees and also some provision for regulating unhindering destruction of trees. 

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